Head lift/zh

液壓決定了流體可以被向上推的最大高度. 只考慮起點與終點的垂直距離，和管線的形狀無關. 1 公尺液壓代表流體可被向上運送 1 公尺. 流體可在水平管線中自由流動.

液壓並不取決於流速，但可影響流速.

以下建物可提供液壓：
 * – 20 公尺
 * – 50 公尺
 * 、、、 – 10 公尺

以下建物可儲存和傳遞液壓： 舉例來說，抽水機輸出的水有 10 公尺的液壓；這代表抽水機可將水垂直向上推 10 公尺.
 * – 最多 12 公尺
 * – 最多 8 公尺
 * （1級 和 2級）– 水平：1.3 公尺、垂直：等於管長

不通建物產生的液壓有不同基準點，請參照以下.

液壓與高度差
填滿一個流體槽所需的液壓等於從液壓原計算至槽頂的高度差.

傾斜的管線例外：管線幫浦顯示的液壓的讀數會稍微高於預測值，且非線性.

目前為止，精準測量液壓的唯一方法是將管線幫浦建造於管線中想要測量的點，並按開啟其介面. 液壓可由肉眼忽略估計，可用的尺標有：牆（4 公尺高）或基板（1、2、4 公尺高）.

建議、實際與最高液壓
建議液壓可在建造選單的建物說明中找到. 在建議液壓之內，流體可以自由無阻的流動. 流體可能可以繼續到達其上 1 至 2 公尺處，也就是實際液壓. 在往上，流速會快速下降，並在建議液壓以上 2 到 3 公尺處降至零，此處為最高液壓. 接近最高液壓時，流體會有奇怪的行為：有時流動有時不流動，甚至來回流動以取得平衡，非常不一致. 因此，建議隨時將管線系統維持在實際液壓以下. 注意：參見以下管線與儲存槽如何影響液壓.



Pipelines and Fluid Buffers
A perfect horizontal Pipeline requires 1.3 meters of head lift to be fully filled regardless of its length. As it fills up, it also stores its own head lift proportionally, up to 1.3 meters. This effect will then propagate to the next pipeline and cause the successive pipelines to be filled up. Only when a segment of pipeline is fully filled can head lift of more than 1.3 meters be propagated (be it from a Pump or other buildings). Fluids take time to fill up a very long pipe, but once it is fully filled, fluids in it can flow with the full flow rate (or whatever the source's flow rate is).

A vertical Pipeline can store maximum head lift equal to its vertical length, measured from its bottom end to the top end. Its stored head lift is proportional to the percentage of the fluid filled; for instance a half-filled 10-meter Pipeline stores 5 meters of head lift. A vertical Pipeline needs to be fully filled before the next pipeline above it can start to receive fluid. A very tall pipe requires a very high head lift to be fully filled. If lower head lift is provided, it can only be filled partially.

If somehow the fluid source is stopped and the source head lift drops, the previously stored head lift in pipes will attempt to equalize among connected Pipelines; this means fluids can backflow from the pipes with higher head lift to the pipes with lower head lift, as pipelines are bi-directional in nature. For example, if there are 2 horizontal Pipelines with identical length connected in series, with 1 of them fully filled and the other one emptied, then the fluid within them will equalize themselves until both are filled equally, that is, 50% full. During this equalization process, the fluid flow can oscillate back and forth, taking a long time before it fully stabilizes.

All of the above principles also hold true for Fluid Buffers and Industrial Fluid Buffers – they are just Pipelines but with much larger capacity and head lift. Note that their stored head lift is counted from the pipe inlet level, not from the Foundation level. Combining all the above knowledge, chaining multiple Fluid Buffers in series is a bad idea as the system requires a very long start up time – consider attaching buffers to the 'sideways' of a Pipeline instead, by using Junctions.

Head lift merging and splitting
When a single fluid source is split into multiple Pipelines via a Pipeline Junction Cross, the output head lift of each pipe is equal to the input:. The flow rate is split, but the head lift is not.

When multiple fluid sources with different head lifts are joint via a Pipeline Junction Cross, the highest head lift among them is applied to the entire pipe network:. This 'sharing' effect will not hinder the output of fluid buildings with lower head lift or positioned at the lower points; for instance, a Water Extractor with its output pipe under a head lift of much greater than 12 meters will still be able to push out Water, provided there is space allowed for it to do so.

Both of the above hold true regardless of the flow rate of input and output Pipelines.

Pipeline Pumps
A non-powered Pipeline Pump acts as a one-way valve and resets the head lift back to 0 meters. A powered Pipeline Pump resets the head lift to 22 meters as long as there is fluid reaching its input, regardless of the head lift preceding it. That also means building multiple Pipeline Pumps in close proximity is very inefficient, and each of them costs power to function. Pipeline Pumps should be spaced out 20 meters vertically, measured center-to-center.

Exploits
Pipeline Pumps, if used in large quantities, can be a burden to the power grid, thus an innovative solution is highly desirable to minimize power usage. When multiple fluid sources with different head lifts are connected to a single or multiple pipelines, the highest head lift among them will be applied to the entire connected pipe network. This head lift sharing effect makes head lift exploits possible. By using a water tower with 0 output, free-energy lifting can be achieved. (credits go to )
 * To do so, first construct as many Water Extractors at the lower area as you need.
 * Build a floating factory above the lower Extractors at any height you wish. Connect the pipes between the factory needing the Water and those Extractors. In the image below, an Industrial Fluid Buffer is used, you can replace it with the actual factory setup.
 * Around the same height, construct a Fluid Buffer and fill it up, either by using another Water Extractor or using Pipeline Pumps from below. Lets call this Buffer as 'water tower'.
 * From the water tower, construct a downward pipe and connect it to the lower pipeline via junctions. If you have a large setup consisting multiple parallel pipelines, connect all of them together at the lower point.
 * Construct a Valve on the water tower downward pipe to restrict its flow to 0 . The Valve can be located at any position between the water tower and the lower junction.
 * Once the downward pipe and the water tower is full, you may deconstruct the pipes, Extractor and Pipeline Pumps (if any) that is used to fill up the buffer. Since the water tower will always be full, no energy is required to maintain the head lift of water tower.
 * All the pipes will then share the head lift from the water tower. Enjoy the free-energy fluid lifts!

Fluid Freight Platform
A Fluid Freight Platform does not generate opposing head lift when being filled up, and thus a fluid source can easily fully fill it up as long as the pipe inlet level of the Fluid Platform is within the source's head lift. As such it is advised to always use its lower pipe inlet first, followed by the upper inlet if the input rate higher than 300 is desired.

A Fluid Freight Platform requires a connected powered Train Station to receive and / or output fluid. It can output fluid regardless if it is set to load or unload.

The actual head lift provided by a Fluid Freight Platform is 11 meters, measured from the pipe connector. As such, it is always advantageous to use the upper pipe outlet first, followed by the lower outlet if the output rate higher than 300 is desired.